A treaty signed between several European powers in Berlin, Germany, on 13 July 1878.

A treaty signed in Paris on 30 March 1856, ending the Crimean War, a three-year conflict in which Russia faced the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and the Kingdom of Sardinia, which had started following disputes over the rights of Christian minorities in Palestine.

A firman, or royal decree, published by Sultan Abdülmecid I of the Ottoman Empire in February 1852.